A. Cerebellum
B. Hippocampus
C. Cerebrum
D. Medulla
Correct Answer: B. Hippocampus
The correct answer is:
B. Hippocampus
Explanation:
The hippocampus is a key part of the brain involved in the formation and consolidation of long-term memory. It plays a crucial role in converting short-term memories into long-term memories and is especially important for spatial memory and the recall of facts and events.
A. Enzymes
B. Phospholipids
C. Cholesterol
D. Proteins
Correct Answer: D. Proteins
The correct answer is:
D. Proteins
Explanation:
The selective permeability of the cell membrane is primarily due to the presence of proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer. These membrane proteins function as channels, carriers, or pumps to allow specific substances to pass through the membrane, while blocking others.
Transport proteins play a crucial role in regulating the movement of ions, nutrients, and waste products across the membrane.
A. Peroxisome
B. Golgi Complex
C. Lysosomes
D. Vacuole
Correct Answer: A. Peroxisome
The correct answer is:
A. Peroxisome
Explanation:
During photorespiration, which occurs when the enzyme RuBisCO fixes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, glycolate is produced.
The glycolate is then converted into glycine in the peroxisome, which is one of the organelles involved in the metabolic processes of photorespiration.
This conversion involves a series of reactions where glycolate is first converted into glycine, and then glycine is processed further in the mitochondria.
A. Cerebral cortex is absent in all animal’s brain
B. The cerebral cortex of the animal’s brain is more development
C. The cerebral cortex is absent in the human brain
D. The cerebral cortex of the human brain is more developed
Correct Answer: D. The cerebral cortex of the human brain is more developed
The correct answer is:
D. The cerebral cortex of the human brain is more developed
Explanation:
The cerebral cortex is a key feature of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning, language, decision-making, and problem-solving.
While animals also possess a cerebral cortex, it is more developed in humans, making humans capable of advanced intellectual and social behaviors.
The size and complexity of the human cerebral cortex, including its folds (gyri and sulci), allow for greater surface area and more neural connections compared to most animals.
A. Primary wall
B. Secondary wall
C. Middle lamella
D. Tertiary wall
Correct Answer: C. Middle lamella
The correct answer is:
C. Middle lamella
Explanation:
During cytokinesis in plant cells, the cell plate forms between the dividing cells. This cell plate eventually develops into the middle lamella, which is the first layer of the cell wall to form.
The middle lamella is primarily composed of pectins, which act as a glue to hold adjacent cells together.
A. Body Composition
B. Body Volume
C. Physical Activity
D. Composition of air
Correct Answer: C. Physical Activity
The correct answer is:
C. Physical Activity
Explanation:
Pulmonary volume refers to the amount of air that the lungs can hold during different phases of the respiratory cycle, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
Physical activity significantly influences pulmonary volume because during exercise or exertion:
Tidal volume (air inhaled/exhaled per breath) increases to meet the body’s higher oxygen demands.
Inspiratory and expiratory efforts become more pronounced, utilizing more lung capacity.
A. Phospholipids
B. Acylglycerol
C. Wax
D. Cholesterol
Correct Answer: B. Acylglycerol
The correct answer is:
B. Acylglycerol
Explanation:
Acylglycerol (also known as triacylglycerol or triglyceride) is a compound formed when one glycerol molecule is esterified (linked) with three fatty acids.
This process is called esterification, where each fatty acid is joined to the glycerol molecule through an ester bond.
A. Amphoteric
B. Hydrophobic Exclusion
C. Hydrophobic Inclusion
D. Anomalous
Correct Answer: B. Hydrophobic Exclusion
The correct answer is:
B. Hydrophobic Exclusion
Explanation:
Hydrophobic exclusion is a key property of water that plays a crucial role in biological membrane stability. This refers to the tendency of water molecules to exclude nonpolar (hydrophobic) substances, forcing them to aggregate in the interior of biological membranes. This helps to maintain the structure of lipid bilayers, which are essential for the function of cell membranes.
In biological membranes, the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails of phospholipids face inward, away from the water, while the hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads face outward toward the water. This arrangement is stabilized by the hydrophobic exclusion effect.
A. High Light Intensity
B. Low Level of NAPDPH
C. High Level of NAPDPH
D. Low Light Intensity
Correct Answer: A. High Light Intensity
The correct answer is:
A. High Light Intensity
Explanation:
Cyclic phosphorylation is a process in photosynthesis that occurs in the light-dependent reactions. It involves the cyclic flow of electrons through photosystem I (PSI) and the electron transport chain, leading to the production of ATP but not NADPH.
It is typically stimulated by high light intensity, which increases the rate of electron flow through PSI, favoring cyclic phosphorylation over linear electron flow.
A. Syphilis
B. AIDS
C. Hepatitis
D. Polio
Correct Answer: A. Syphilis
The correct answer is:
A. Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, not a viral disease.
The other options are all viral diseases:
B. AIDS: Caused by the HIV virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
C. Hepatitis: Caused by several viruses, including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
D. Polio: Caused by the poliovirus.
Summary:
Syphilis is the exception because it is a bacterial disease, while the others are viral infections.