Town Officer (BPS-16) Solved Paper held on 25 May 2023

Correct Answer: C. Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. It is located beyond Uranus and is considered the outermost major planet in our solar system.

Correct Answer: B. Rickets

Rickets is a condition that primarily affects children and is caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate in the body. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the diet, which is necessary for healthy bone development. A severe deficiency of vitamin D can lead to soft and weak bones, causing symptoms such as bone pain, delayed growth, skeletal deformities, and an increased risk of fractures.

Correct Answer: B. Convex

Long-sightedness, also known as hyperopia, can be corrected by using B. Convex lenses.
Hyperopia is a refractive error where the eye focuses light behind the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear clearer than close objects. A convex lens is used to correct this condition by converging incoming light rays before they reach the eye, allowing for proper focusing on the retina.

Correct Answer: B. 120

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have an average lifespan of approximately 120 days in the human body. After this time, they are removed from circulation and broken down in the spleen and liver. The body continuously produces new red blood cells to replace the old ones.

Correct Answer: D. Becquerel

Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, discovered radioactivity in 1896. He accidentally observed that uranium salts emitted rays that could expose photographic plates, even when they were shielded from light. This discovery led to further investigations by other scientists, including Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, who made significant contributions to the understanding of radioactivity.

Correct Answer: D. Tetrafluoroethane

The gas used in a refrigerator to cool water is Tetrafluoroethane.
Tetrafluoroethane, also known as R-134a, is a common refrigerant used in refrigeration systems, including household refrigerators. It is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and is considered a more environmentally friendly alternative to older refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that contribute to ozone depletion.

Correct Answer: C. 15000 to 25000

Each day, the human body breathes in 15,000 to 25,000 liters of air.
The exact volume of air inhaled can vary depending on factors such as activity level, respiratory rate, and individual differences. On average, a person at rest takes in about 12 to 20 breaths per minute, and with each breath, approximately 500 milliliters of air enters the lungs. This translates to a daily intake of air ranging from approximately 7,200 to 12,000 liters. However, during physical activity or periods of increased respiratory demand, the volume of air inhaled can be higher.

Correct Answer: D. 1e^-9 meter

1 Nanometer is equal to D. 1e^-9 meter.
A nanometer (nm) is a unit of length that is equal to one billionth of a meter. It is commonly used to measure very small distances, such as the size of atoms, molecules, or nanoparticles.

Correct Answer: B. Atmosphere

Meteorology is the study of B. Atmosphere.
Meteorology is a branch of science that focuses on the study of the Earth’s atmosphere, its weather patterns, and the processes that occur within it. It involves the study of atmospheric phenomena such as temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind patterns, and the formation and behavior of clouds.

Correct Answer: A. Carbon

Diamond is an allotropic form of A. Carbon.
Diamond is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure. It is one of the naturally occurring allotropes of carbon, along with graphite, fullerene, and amorphous carbon. The unique arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond gives it its exceptional hardness and brilliance, making it one of the most prized gemstones.

Correct Answer: A. Ovum

The largest cell in the human body is A. Ovum (also known as the egg cell).
The ovum is the female reproductive cell or gamete. It is produced in the ovaries and is significantly larger than other cells in the human body. The ovum is visible to the naked eye and can measure around 0.1 millimeters in diameter.

Correct Answer: A. Platinum

The dearest substance on Earth in terms of value is Platinum.
Platinum is a precious metal that is highly valued for its rarity, beauty, and various industrial applications. It is one of the rarest elements on Earth and is often used in jewelry, catalytic converters, electrical contacts, and laboratory equipment. Due to its scarcity and high demand, platinum commands a high price in the market.

Correct Answer: C. 1 kg

The salinity of seawater is determined by the amount of common salt (Sodium Chloride) in 1 kg of seawater.
Salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved salts, including sodium chloride, in seawater. It is typically measured as the amount of salt in a given mass of seawater. The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of seawater (35 parts per thousand or ppt). This means that for every kilogram of seawater, there is approximately 35 grams of salt dissolved in it.

Correct Answer: D. Mercury

he planet that moves around the Sun at the highest speed is D. Mercury.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has the shortest orbital period. It completes an orbit around the Sun in approximately 88 Earth days. Due to its proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences strong gravitational pull, resulting in its high orbital speed. It travels at an average speed of about 47.87 kilometers per second (29.81 miles per second) relative to the Sun.

Correct Answer: C. Sea Water

In a very low temperature, sea water will freeze at last among the options given.
Sea water has a lower freezing point compared to fresh water due to the presence of dissolved salts. The salt content in sea water lowers its freezing point to around -2°C (28.4°F), whereas the freezing point of fresh water is 0°C (32°F). This means that sea water requires lower temperatures to freeze compared to fresh water.

Correct Answer: C. Gen-Nigar Johar

Gen Nigar Johar has become the first-ever female colonel commandant of the Army Medical Corps (AMC).
Gen Nigar Johar, a two-star general in the Pakistan Army, made history by becoming the first female officer to hold the position of colonel commandant in the Army Medical Corps. She assumed the role on January 28, 2020. This appointment is a significant milestone in the advancement of gender equality and women’s empowerment in the military sector of Pakistan.

Correct Answer: C. 9th June 2017

Pakistan became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on June 9, 2017.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional intergovernmental organization composed of eight member states, including China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Pakistan. Pakistan’s membership in the SCO was officially confirmed during the SCO summit held in Astana, Kazakhstan, on June 9, 2017. This marked Pakistan’s elevation from observer status to a full member of the organization. The SCO aims to promote regional cooperation in various areas, including security, economy, and culture, among its member states.

Correct Answer: C. Cern

The birthplace of the World Wide Web was CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).
The World Wide Web, which is a system of interconnected documents and resources accessed through the internet, was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 while he was working at CERN in Switzerland. CERN is a research organization that focuses on particle physics, and it played a significant role in the development of the internet and the World Wide Web.

Correct Answer: A. Greenland

Greenland is the largest island in the world, located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland has a total area of approximately 2,166,086 square kilometers (836,330 square miles), making it larger than countries like Australia, Canada, and Indonesia. Despite its massive size, Greenland has a relatively small population due to its harsh climate and remote location.

Correct Answer: C. Indonesia

The country that is the largest archipelagic country in the world is C. Indonesia.
Indonesia is composed of over 17,000 islands, making it the largest archipelagic country in the world. It is located in Southeast Asia and is known for its diverse archipelago, including major islands such as Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and Papua. The Indonesian archipelago spans a vast area, covering both land and sea, and is known for its rich biodiversity, stunning landscapes, and cultural heritage.

Correct Answer: A. Indonesia

Indonesia is known for its high volcanic activity and is home to the largest number of volcanoes globally. It is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area characterized by intense volcanic and seismic activity. Indonesia has more than 130 active volcanoes, including famous ones such as Mount Merapi, Mount Bromo, and Krakatoa. The country’s volcanic landscape and geothermal resources make it a geologically significant region.

Correct Answer: B. Maldives

The Maldives is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka. It consists of a chain of 26 coral atolls and over 1,000 individual islands, most of which are low-lying and situated just a few meters above sea level. The average ground level of the Maldives is estimated to be around 1.5 meters (4.9 feet), making it the lowest country in terms of average ground elevation. The vulnerability to rising sea levels and climate change impacts is a significant concern for the Maldives.

Correct Answer: A. Indonesia

Borobudur is a famous Buddhist temple complex located in Central Java, Indonesia. It is one of the most important archaeological sites and cultural landmarks in Indonesia and attracts numerous visitors from around the world. Built in the 8th and 9th centuries, Borobudur is renowned for its intricate stone carvings and its massive structure, consisting of nine stacked platforms topped by a central dome. It is considered one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world and is a popular tourist destination in Indonesia.

Correct Answer: A. Amazon

The Amazon River, located in South America, is the largest river in terms of water volume. It is also the longest river in the world, stretching over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles). The Amazon River discharges an enormous amount of water into the Atlantic Ocean, with an average discharge of approximately 209,000 cubic meters per second (7,381,000 cubic feet per second). It carries more water than any other river, accounting for about 20% of the world’s total river flow.

Correct Answer: C. Andes

The Andes is the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching along the western coast of South America. It spans over 7,000 kilometers (4,300 miles) from north to south, passing through several countries including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Andes is known for its impressive peaks, including the highest mountain outside of Asia, Mount Aconcagua, which stands at an elevation of 6,960 meters (22,837 feet).

Correct Answer: A. West

Correct Answer: C. 46

Human cells typically contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. These chromosomes carry the genetic information in the form of DNA and determine various traits and characteristics of an individual. Each pair of chromosomes consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father. Of the 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs are called autosomes, and one pair is the sex chromosomes (X and Y), which determine the individual’s sex.

Correct Answer: A. Grasses

Agrostology is a branch of botany that specifically focuses on the scientific study of grasses, including their taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, physiology, ecology, and distribution. It involves the identification, classification, and understanding of the structure, growth, and reproductive processes of grass species. Grasses are an important plant family with various ecological and economic significance, and agrostology plays a crucial role in their research and understanding.

Correct Answer: A. Saturn

Mimas is one of the many moons that orbit the planet Saturn. It is the smallest and innermost of Saturn’s major moons. Mimas is known for its distinctive feature called the “Herschel Crater,” which gives it a resemblance to the Death Star from the Star Wars movies.

Correct Answer: C. Copper

The metal that is mostly used in steel products is C. Copper.
While copper is an important metal widely used in various industries, it is not the primary metal used in steel production. The primary metal used in steel production is iron. Iron is combined with carbon and other alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, to produce steel.

Correct Answer: A. Strait of Gibraltar

The sea strait that links the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean is Strait of Gibraltar.
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow waterway located between the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and the northernmost part of Morocco (Africa). It connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean and serves as the gateway between the two bodies of water.

Correct Answer: C. Leprosy

he more common name for Hansen’s disease is Leprosy.
Hansen’s disease, named after the Norwegian physician Armauer Hansen who first identified the causative bacterium, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes.
Leprosy is characterized by the development of skin lesions, nerve damage, and loss of sensation in affected areas. It has been known throughout history and carries significant social stigma due to misunderstandings about its transmission and perceived disfigurement.

Correct Answer: A. Isotherm

The name given to a line on a map joining places of equal temperature is Isotherm.
An isotherm is a line connecting points on a map that have the same temperature at a given time or for a specific period. Isotherms are commonly used in meteorology and climatology to visualize temperature patterns and variations across a geographical area. By plotting isotherms, scientists can identify temperature gradients, weather patterns, and other climatic characteristics. Option A, Isotherm, is the correct term used for this purpose.

Correct Answer: C. 77000 sq miles

The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a vast arid region located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. It spans across the Indian states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab, as well as the southeastern portion of Pakistan.
The correct answer is Option C, which states that the size of the Thar Desert is approximately 77,000 square miles.

Correct Answer: B. Kushanas

The Kushanas Empire was a major power in the region of Gandhara, which encompassed parts of present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. It was during this period that the Gandhara School of Art flourished. The school blended Hellenistic and Indian artistic traditions, resulting in a unique style that incorporated elements from both cultures. The Gandhara School of Art is particularly known for its Buddhist sculptures and reliefs, which depicted the life and teachings of the Buddha.

Correct Answer: C. Jahangir

Jahangir, the fourth Mughal emperor of India, succeeded his father Akbar. He continued the administrative and legal reforms initiated by his father and installed the “Chain of Justice” during his reign. The chain served as a symbolic representation of justice and the impartiality of the Mughal court.

Correct Answer: C. Copernicus

The Solar System was not discovered by any specific individual, as its existence has been known to humans since ancient times. However, our understanding of the Solar System and its true nature has evolved over centuries thanks to the contributions of various scientists.
Among the options provided, Copernicus (Option C) made significant contributions to our understanding of the Solar System by proposing the heliocentric model, which stated that the Sun is at the center of the Solar System with the planets orbiting around it.

Correct Answer: B. Midlatitude

The seasonal contrasts are maximum in mid latitudes. Mid latitudes refer to the regions that are located between the equator and the polar regions. These regions experience significant seasonal variations in temperature, daylight hours, and weather conditions.

Correct Answer: A. Rotation of Earth

The sense of time is due to both the rotation of the Earth on its axis and the revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes day and night, giving us the concept of a 24-hour day. As the Earth rotates, different parts of the globe are exposed to sunlight or darkness, leading to the cycle of day and night.
The revolution of the Earth around the Sun takes approximately 365.25 days, resulting in the concept of a year. This revolution determines the changing seasons and the cycle of the calendar year.
Therefore, both the rotation of the Earth (Option A) and the revolution of the Earth (Option B) contribute to our sense of time.

Correct Answer: B. Cumulonimbus

Hailstorms occur in the summer season due to the formation of clouds called cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds are large, towering clouds that are capable of producing severe weather, including thunderstorms, heavy rain, lightning, and hail.

Correct Answer: B. Kleptomania

The word that describes Mania for stealing articles is “kleptomania.” Kleptomania is a psychological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to steal items, often without any personal need or financial motive.

Correct Answer: B. Palatable

The word that describes food which agrees with one’s taste is “palatable.” It means that the food is pleasant or agreeable to the taste, appealing and flavorful. palatable” specifically refers to food that is enjoyable to eat.

Correct Answer: A. Chauffeur

The word that describes a person employed to drive a private or hired car is “chauffeur.” A chauffeur is a professional driver who is responsible for transporting individuals in a private or hired vehicle.

Correct Answer: A. Perennial

The word “perennial” means lasting for a long time, specifically referring to something that continues to exist or be active for many years. It aligns with the idea of living for years and years

Correct Answer: C. To Ignore

The idiom “give cold shoulder” means to intentionally ignore or show indifference towards someone. It conveys the idea of treating someone with coldness or aloofness, typically by deliberately avoiding social interaction or refusing to acknowledge them.

Correct Answer: D. Defenseless Position

The idiom “like a sitting duck” means being in a vulnerable or defenseless position. It implies being an easy target or having no protection or means of escape.

Correct Answer: D. Had Read/ Could Understand

1. “If I had read the movies”: The use of “had read” indicates a past unreal condition or a hypothetical situation in the past. It implies that the person didn’t actually read the movies during the summer holiday.
2. “I could understand the lesson now”: “Could understand” suggests the possibility or potential of understanding the lesson now if the hypothetical condition of reading the movies in the past had been met. It conveys that the person would have gained the necessary knowledge or understanding from reading the movies.
By using “had read” (past perfect) and “could understand” (conditional), option D accurately conveys the hypothetical situation of not reading the movies in the past and the potential outcome of understanding the lesson in the present.

Correct Answer: D. They, They

Correct Answer: A. Such, That

Correct Answer: D. Breezy

A more accurate synonym for “pococurante” would be “indifferent” or “apathetic.”