The Nobel Prize’s (2024-2018)

History – Statistics – Winners (2024-2018)

Noble Prize History

  • Nobel Prizes awarded in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
  • Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896.
  • Nobel Prizes are conferred in six categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics.
  • Between 1901 and 2021, 943 individuals and 25 organizations received the Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
  • The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences began in 1969.
  • Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of the Nobel’s death.
  • The Peace Prize and its recipients’ lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December.

 

Statistics

  • The youngest person to receive a Nobel Prize: Malala Yousafzai; at the age of 17, received Nobel Peace Prize (2014).
  • The oldest person to receive a Nobel Prize: John B. Goodenough; at the age of 97, received Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2019).
  • The only person to receive more than one unshared Nobel Prize: Linus Pauling; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and Nobel Peace Prize (1962).

 

Laureates who have received Multiple Nobel Prizes:

  1. Marie Curie; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911).
  2. International Committee of the Red Cross; received the prize three times. Nobel Peace Prize (1917, 1944, 1963).
  3. Linus Pauling; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and Nobel Peace Prize (1962).
  4. John Bardeen; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Physics (1956, 1972).
  5. Frederick Sanger; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1958, 1980).
  6. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; received the prize twice. Nobel Peace Prize (1954, 1981).

 

Married couples to receive Nobel Prizes:

  1. Marie Curie, Pierre Curie (along with Henri Becquerel). Received Nobel Prize in Physics (1903).
  2. Irène Joliot-Curie, Frédéric Joliot. Received Nobel Prize in Chemistry(1935).
  3. Gerty Cori, Carl Cori. Received Nobel Prize in Medicine(1947).
  4. Gunnar Myrdal received Nobel Prize in Economics Sciences(1974), and Alva Myrdal received the Nobel Peace Prize (1982).
  5. May-Britt Moser, Edvard I. Moser. Received Nobel Prize in Medicine (2014).
  6. Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee(along with Michael Kremer). Received Nobel Prize in Economics Sciences(2019).

Pakistan

  • Malala Yousafzai, Peace, 2014
  • Abdus Salam, Physics, 1979

Winners (2024-2018)

Nobel Prize 2024

  • Physics
    • John J. Hopfield (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
    • Geoffrey E. Hinton (UK)
    • Prize motivation: “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
  • Chemistry
    • David Baker (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for computational protein design”
    • Demis Hassabis (UK)
    • Prize motivation: “for protein structure prediction”
    • John M. Jumper (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for protein structure prediction”
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • Victor Ambros (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
    • Gary Ruvkun (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
  • Literature
    • Han Kang (South Korea)
    • Prize Motivation: “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”
  • Peace Prize
    • Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
    • Prize motivation: “for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”

 

Nobel Prize 2023

  • Physics
    • Pierre Agostini (Tunisia)
    • Ferenc Krausz (Hungary)
    • Anne L’Huillier (France)
    • Prize motivation: “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
  • Chemistry
    • Moungi Bawendi (France)
    • Louis Brus (USA)
    • Aleksey Yekimov (Russia)
    • Prize motivation: “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • Katalin Karikó (Hungary)
    • Drew Weissman (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”
  • Literature
    • Jon Fosse (Norway)
    • Prize motivation: “for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”
  • Peace Prize
    • Narges Mohammadi (Iran)
    • Prize motivation: “for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”
  • Economic Sciences
    • Claudia Goldin (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labor market outcomes”

 

Nobel Prize 2022

  • Physics
    • Alain Aspect (France)
    • John F. Clauser (USA)
    • Anton Zeilinger (Austria)
    • Prize motivation: “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”
  • Chemistry
    • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (USA)
    • Morten Meldal (Denmark)
    • K. Barry Sharpless (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry”
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • Svante Pääbo (Sweden)
    • Prize motivation: “for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution”
  • Literature
    • Annie Ernaux (France)
    • Prize motivation: “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”
  • Peace Prize
    • Ales Bialiatski (Russia)
    • Memorial (Russia)
    • Center for Civil Liberties (Ukraine)
    • Prize motivation: “The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy”
  • Economic Sciences
    • Ben S. Bernanke (USA)
    • Douglas Diamond (USA)
    • Philip H. Dybvig (USA)
    • Prize motivation: “for research on banks and financial crises”

 

Noble Prize 2021

  • Physics
    • Syukuro Manabe (“for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems”)
    • Klaus Hasselmann (“for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”)
    • Giorgio Parisi (“for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”)
  • Chemistry
    • Benjamin List (“for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”)
    • David MacMillan (“for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”)
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • David Julius (“for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”)
    • Ardem Patapoutian (“for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”)
  • Literature
    • Abdulrazak Gurnah (“for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”)
  • Peace Prize
    • Maria Ressa (“for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”)
    • Dmitry Muratov (“for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”)
  • Economic Sciences
    • David Card (“for his empirical contributions to labor economics”)
    • Joshua D. Angrist (“for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”)
    • Guido W. Imbens (“for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”)

 

Noble Prize 2020

  • Physics
    • Roger Penrose (“for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”)
    • Reinhard Genzel (“for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy”)
    • Andrea Ghez (“for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy”)
  • Chemistry
    • Emmanuelle Charpentier (“for the development of a method for genome editing”)
    • Jennifer A. Doudna (“for the development of a method for genome editing”)
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • Harvey J. Alter (“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”)
    • Michael Houghton (“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”)
    • Charles M. Rice (“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”)
  • Literature
    • Louise Glück (“for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”)
  • Peace Prize
    • World Food Programme (WFP) (“for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict”)
  • Economic Sciences
    • Paul R. Milgrom (“for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”)
    • Robert B. Wilson (“for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”)

 

Noble Prize 2019

  • Physics
    • James Peebles (“for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos”)
    • Michel Mayor (“for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology”)
    • Didier Queloz (“for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”)
  • Chemistry
    • John B. Goodenough (“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”)
    • M. Stanley Whittingham (“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”)
    • Akira Yoshino (“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”)
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • William G. Kaelin Jr (“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”)
    • Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe (“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”)
    • Gregg L. Semenza (“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”)
  • Literature
    • Peter Handke (“for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience”)
  • Peace Prize
    • Abiy Ahmed Ali (“for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighboring Eritrea”)
  • Economic Sciences
    • Abhijit Banerjee (“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”)
    • Esther Duflo (“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”)
    • Michael Kremer (“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”)

 

Nobel Prize 2018

  • Physics
    • Arthur Ashkin (“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”)
    • Gérard Mourou (“for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”)
    • Donna Strickland (“for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses”)
  • Chemistry
    • Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
    • George P. Smith (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
    • Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
  • Physiology or Medicine
    • James P. Allison (“for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”)
    • Tasuku Honjo (“for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”)
  • Literature
    • Olga Tokarczuk (“for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”)
  • Peace Prize
    • Denis Mukwege (“for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict”)
    • Nadia Murad (“for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict”)
  • Economic Sciences
    • William D. Nordhaus (“for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis”)
    • Paul M. Romer (“for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis”)

 

 

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